African immigrants have long been drawn to Johannesburg, South Africa’s economic center. The city is a ray of hope for people looking for a better life, but beyond the city’s busy streets and dazzling buildings, the lack of integration and safety prevails.
Deep scars from xenophobic attacks in 2008, 2015, and 2019 underscore the necessity of communication and understanding in order to resolve conflicts between residents and foreign migrants.
Johannesburg’s economy benefits significantly from migrant-owned businesses, despite facing challenges in accessing formal employment and documentation.
Vibrant networks of entrepreneurship and support have grown in the face of hardship, and migrant-owned companies that employ South Africans and boost the local economy have shown incredible tenacity and will.
In a tiny salon tucked between cafés and clothing stores on a busy Braamfontein street, Privilege Jumo, a 29-year-old nail technician from Zimbabwe, leans over his client’s hands, focused yet very calm. Taxis hoot non-stop, and the air smells of acetone and hair moisturisers. Between brush strokes, Jumo shares his story, about movement, hustle, and hope in the city where he currently resides.
“When I decided to come to South Africa, I was seeking greener pastures,” he says, reflecting on his 2019 arrival in Johannesburg. He came to pursue his studies in engineering, but soon realized that surviving in Johannesburg required more than qualifications.
“The process of getting funding for my studies was not easy ,so I ended up dropping out”, he admits. Jumo set up a business after having trouble finding steady work because he did not have a work permit. He now runs a nail technician business, relying on word of mouth and digital marketing to get clients.
“To get employed in Johannesburg, you need a work permit. And the government has not been issuing them for quite some time,” he says.
Jumo’s words echo a widespread frustration among foreign immigrants who find themselves caught between legal issues and economic necessity. Many are forced to develop their own ways in the informal sector since they do not have legitimate work permits or residency status.
It is obvious that his story is a metaphor for Johannesburg’s informal sector, which depends on necessity and adaptability to thrive. Most citizens benefit from these small businesses that migrants have started because of being excluded from formal work.
Juliet Mashabela, acting chief economist at Productivity SA, an entity of the South African Department of Employment and Labour, explains the role of migrants in Johannesburg: “They create employment through small-scale entrepreneurship, circulate money within communities, and contribute significantly to local consumption patterns.”
Johannesburg mayor Dada Morero and mayoral committee members in the Johannesburg CBD, cracking down on illegal trading in October 2025. Photo: Nomfundo Zungu
However, their existence is usually politicised. “Data consistently shows that migrants are net contributors to urban growth, but in times of economic distress, they become target for unemployment and crime”, Mashabela continues.
For decades, Johannesburg has been a magnet for migrants, both foreign and domestic. People looking to improve their lives are drawn to the city by its economic prospects, cultural diversity, and relatively stable political system. Data from Statistics South Africa shows that about 1,42 million foreign migrants came to live in Gauteng between 2022 and 2025, with many of them settling in the inner-city suburbs of Johannesburg.
Professor Loren Landau, an international migration specialist at the African Centre for Migration & Society (ACMS), says migrant labor is key to Johannesburg’s formal and informal sectors.
“Migrants who contribute to the retail sector, service, and construction sectors are often overlooked by the official system. Instead of searching for possibilities, they work together to create them. However, the city’s promise of opportunities is mixed with uncertainty. Migrants are frequently caught in cycles of instability as a result of xenophobic violence, limited access to documentation, and limited economic opportunities”, he explains.
Xenophobic attacks in Johannesburg
Recurrent outbreaks of xenophobic violence have revealed deep socioeconomic divides that lie beneath the “World Class African City”, as South Africans – many of whom are unemployed and living in poverty – accuse foreign migrants of snatching opportunities, jobs, and homes.
During the most notorious outbreaks, in 2008, 2015, and 2019, many people were killed, and thousands were left homeless, their stores plundered, and their homes torched. Many of the victims were small business owners who had established their lives in Johannesburg’s congested inner-city neighborhoods such as Hillbrow and Yeoville, and in the township of Alexandra, migrants from African countries like Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Nigeria, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
“I still remember the xenophobic attacks that occurred in 2008 like it was yesterday, just thinking about it makes me sad because I lost a lot of close friends and relatives”, said Hugette Mbombo, a 45-year-old hairdresser from Congo.
In 2022, under the banner of “Operation Dudula”, anti-immigrant sentiment reappeared in Johannesburg’s townships, targeting migrants, informal traders, and foreign-owned enterprises.
Siphiwe Ndlovu, a community leader from Alexandra, admits the conflicts but thinks communication is essential. “We must stop viewing immigrants as rivals. They contribute to the success of our communities by employing South Africans in many of their enterprises”, Ndlovu explained.
Instead of tackling the underlying causes of problems like inequality, unemployment, and poor urban planning, the government’s reaction is still primarily reactive, sending out police during flare-ups.
Although widespread attacks have decreased, xenophobia is still present in daily life. Immigrants report experiencing subtle forms of prejudice in public services, rental markets, and workplaces. “Sometimes you can feel it in how people look at you like you don’t belong,” says Mbombo. “Even after so many years, they still call us kwerekwere (foreigners)”, Mbombo adds.
Civil society groups and researchers point to economic frustration and weak governance as drivers of these tensions. With youth unemployment sitting above 33%, foreigners are frequently used as easy scapegoats.
However, Landau explains that xenophobia is not simply about foreigners, “It reflects a deeper crisis of inequality and exclusion. Migrants are just the visible face of a system that fails most of its citizens,” he says.
Integration in Johannesburg is an ongoing negotiation between acceptance and exclusion. Even after years or even decades of residence in South Africa, many migrants continue to face social and legal marginalisation.
According to research conducted by the Center for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR), prejudice is not an isolated incident but rather is ingrained in South Africa’s system. It is caused by political scapegoating, unemployment, and the belief that immigrants “take jobs” from South Africans.
In truth, studies from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the African Centre for Migration & Society (ACMS) suggest that migrants are more likely to create employment than to take it away. They fill labour shortages, open small enterprises, and stimulate demand in township economies.
Professor Landau attests to these studies, saying that, “integration does not only regularise their status. Without proper documentation, you can’t open a bank account, register a business, or rent legally. The system perpetuates informality.”
Migrants and the Informal Economy
The sounds of blow dryers mix with the chatter of clients and other street vendors as Mbombo moves gracefully through her small salon. Her hands are steady, talented, and sure as she braids hair. Each braid tells a story of strength, migration, and identity.
Mbombo came to South Africa in 2003 to escape the instability in Kinshasa. She had nothing except a suitcase and a desire to start again. “When I first came to Johannesburg, I didn’t know anyone,” she recalls, her voice warm but firm. “I only had my hands and the skill my mother taught me.”
Starting as a mobile hairdresser, Mbombo would walk from one flat to another in Hillbrow and Berea, offering affordable styles to fellow African migrants trying to make ends meet. She saved up enough money over time to rent a modest area that was only sufficient for two sofas and a mirror. That small beginning has turned into a successful salon that is very important to her parenting her three kids.
“I wanted to create something stable for my children,” Mbombo says. “Many people see foreign women like me only as outsiders or survivors. But we also serve as businesswomen, creators, and a part of our city’s history.”
For Mbombo, Johannesburg is a place of both opportunity and hardship. She discusses openly the difficulties of managing a business, such as xenophobic animosity, rent increases, and immigration visas. “When the attacks happened in 2019, I closed my salon for two weeks,” she remembers quietly. “People were scared. I was also scared. But I told myself, I’ve built this life here, I’m not going to give up.”
Her salon has since become more than a workplace; it is a small refuge for women in the migrant community. Between styling and laughter, conversations often drift to family back home, school fees, and dreams of stability. “We support each other,” Mbombo explains. “When one sister is struggling, the others help. That’s how we survive.”
Two decades later, Johannesburg feels like home, even if it does not always treat her as such. Mbombo smiles as she looks out onto the street outside her salon, alive with taxi hooters and street vendors calling for customers. “This city gave me a second chance,” she says. “It’s not perfect, but it gave my children and me a better life.”
According to Stats SA’s 2022 Labour Force Survey, Johannesburg’s informal economy employs nearly 30% of the city’s labour force. A significant portion of this sector consists of migrants who operate tiny spaza shops, sell food, fix electronics, and trim hair.
According to Mashabela, the city’s economy benefits from about R100-billion in annual revenue from the sale of goods, services, and rent from unofficial migrant-owned enterprises.Yet, few of these contributions are formally recognised.
“They are effectively invisible in GDP calculations and policy planning”, she notes. “But if migrants were suddenly removed, inner-city economies would collapse overnight.”
The administrative obstacles facing migrants in South Africa are immense. The Department of Home Affairs (DHA) is often criticised for its inefficiency, corruption, and restrictive restrictions. Residency, work permit, and asylum renewal applications can take years to process. In recent years, the administration has spoken more about “irregular immigration” and linked foreigners to crime and stress in society.
“Migrants become convenient scapegoats,” says Landau. “But blaming migration distracts from the need for broader economic reform and inclusive development”.
Rethinking Belonging in a ‘World-Class African City’
Amid such adversity, NGOs like theAfrican Diaspora Forum in Johannesburg, and Jesuit Refugee Service in Cape Town, provide support like psychosocial help, entrepreneurial training, and legal assistance. Through neighborhood markets, athletic events, and religious gatherings, grassroots projects often headed by migrants themselves promote social solidarity. These spaces promote intercultural dialogue and remove stereotypes. Although Jumo’s and Mbombo’s futures are still uncertain, they are not hopeless.
“Trying other cities is definitely going to be my next option,” Jumo muses. Mbombo still has hopes and dreams of sending her children to university. “I want them to have papers, education, and respect. Perhaps they may be referred to as South Africans in the future,” she says.
Their words provide a more complex conversation that the one that is often reduced to statistics and slogans. Essentially, immigrants are humans looking for dignity, not boundaries. Johannesburg’s reputation as a “World-Class African City” is seriously threatened by the way it treats foreign migrants on a daily basis.
Despite the fact that the city relies on variety and a strong economy, social animosity and laws that prohibit people from living freely in the city undermine its future goals. According to experts, inclusive migration management which includes access to documentation, support for small enterprises, and anti-xenophobic education may turn migration from a catastrophe into a positive force.
As Landau puts it, “The issue is not migrants. They are part of the solution. The question is whether South Africa is ready to embrace that reality”.
In the end, Johannesburg’s story is for everyone who lives in it. Through bravery, adaptability, and unwavering optimism, migrants like Jumo and Mbombo continue to influence the beat of the city, demonstrating perseverance, participation, and a common goal of creating a better life.
FEATURED IMAGE: A photo of a march and march protest against illegal immigration. Photo by:Nomfundo Zungu
Wits university celebrates academic brilliance, inspiring a culture of achievement and innovation.
The awards as a platform for networking, collaboration, and enhancing Wits’ reputation for academic excellence.
Fostering a culture of promoting shared values among students.
Recognition and rewarding students with exceptional academic performance.
On Wednesday May 14, the Student Representative Council (SRC) of the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) hosted the first Academic Excellence Awards in the Senate Room to honour top achievers from all faculties, recognising their outstanding academic performance and dedication to excellence.
The event was attended by the Dean of Students Mr. Jerome September, who spoke about the importance of the event.
“This event aligns with Wits University’s mission to promote academic excellence and innovation, as outlined in its strategic framework”.
The Dean of Students committed to contributing to future editions, ensuring the event’s continuation.
The awards were designed as a legacy project, receiving enthusiastic support from key university leaders, including the Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor Prof. Ruksana Osman.
By celebrating student achievements, the SRC aims to foster a culture of excellence and inspire others to strive for academic greatness.
The awards were also attended by the different house committee members, who commented on the SRC project.
“The initiatives taken by SRC have been highly supportive and the ‘Kubo ya thuto’ fund has been one of the most crucial projects that has significantly contributed to the academic success,” said Buhle Ndiniso, a David Webster house committee member.
A photo of SRC academic officer Jostino Mbiza congratulating the students on their academic excellence .Photo by: Nomfundo Zungu
The event honoured students who excelled academically, with the selection process based strictly on 20 students per faculty who achieved a minimum of 75%. The SRC hopes to expand the categories in future ceremonies to include special awards, such as most improved or community-engaged students.
One of the award winners, Laquita Bennett from the faculty of humanities, expressed her gratitude and joy.
“It is very nice to reap the fruits of my hard work. Sometimes you put effort into academics and never get the credit. This is the first event I have been exposed to so far, I’m so honored, and it feels very nice to be academically involved,” she said.
FEATURED IMAGE: A photo of dean of students Mr. Jerome September and Wits SRC. Photo by: Nomfundo Zungu
The streets of Braamfontein pulse with life, the noise of taxi horns, chatter, and construction that never seems to cease. But beneath the vibrant surface, my reality as a Wits Journalism student is marked by the quiet struggles of balancing academia and financial pressures.
I recall one particularly grueling night, juggling living expenses, and last-minute modelling gigs to make ends meet. The clock struck midnight, and I was still typing a potential story pitch on my laptop, fueled by coffee and sheer determination.
This is the unseen reality of many student journalists – the late nights, the early mornings, and the constant juggling act.In the newsroom, I am surrounded by classmates who inspire me with their passion. We come from diverse backgrounds, but our pursuit of knowledge and personal growth unites us.
As we work together to produce high-quality content for the Wits Vuvuzela, I see first-hand the importance of teamwork and collaboration.
According to a study by the Student Press Law Center, student journalists face unique challenges, including financial constraints, limited resources, and the pressure to balance academia and journalism. My experience echoes these findings – the financial strain is palpable, and the pressure to perform academically weighs heavily.
This is not only my personal experience but, Kamvelihle Mtwazi, a fellow student journalist also said that not having funding is affecting her studies, as she must sometimes do field reporting which requires transportation money and lunch.This sentiment echoes the struggles many of us face in pursuing our journalistic endeavors.But despite these challenges, we have found a way to thrive.
Likho Mbuka, a fellow student journalist, notes that discipline and time management are key to crafting news-worthy stories.I have seen this play out in our team’s weekly production cycle, where we work tirelessly to meet deadlines and tell stories that matter.
Rivaldo Jantjies, a Journalism Graduate and TV journalism Top Achiever, shares a similar experience. “When I first started, I was a fish out of water,” he says. “But my mentors took me under their wing, and I learned to take risks, push myself, and adapt fast.” His words resonate with me – the importance of mentorship and guidance cannot be overstated.
As I reflect on my own journey, I realize that our university experience should be about more than just survival – it should be about thriving.To succeed, journalists must be prepared to work long hours for low pay. It is a demanding profession that requires dedication and passion.
Despite these challenges, many of us are determined to make a difference through our stories. With the right mindset and support, we can navigate the industry’s obstacles and thrive. As a student journalist, I have seen firsthand the hard work and commitment needed to produce high-quality work.
South African citizens march for voluntary departure of undocumented migrants, sparking debate on immigration policies and government response
The South African citizens call for a 30-day ultimatum for illegal immigrants to exit the country
The government is yet to respond on the proposed memorandum
A group of South African citizens took to the streets on May 02,2025, marching from Pieter Roos Park in Parktown to the Gauteng Legislature in Marshalltown – demanding that government give undocumented migrants a 30-day ultimatum to exit South Africa, sparking a heated debate on immigration policies.
The peaceful protesters, organised by a group of concerned citizens, cited concerns over the impact of undocumented migration on the country’s resources, jobs, and infrastructure.
“We are not against migrants who come to our country legally and contribute to our society,” said Edwin Masina one of the march organizers.
“However, we cannot continue to bear the burden of undocumented migrants who strain our systems and take advantage of our generosity,” he added.
The photo of South African citizens marching down the Joburg street to the Gauteng legislature. Photo: Nomfundo Zungu
One of the citizens emphasized concerns on the job competition, crime and safety. “Besides the immigrants selling drugs and kidnapping people, we are also facing an issue of unemployment because illegal immigrants are taking our jobs, graduates are staying at home without jobs.”
The government has yet to respond officially to the call for a 30-day ultimatum. However, officials from the Department of Home Affairs have previously stated that the government is working to strengthen its immigration policies and crack down on undocumented migration.
Immigration experts say that the issue is complex and requires a multifaceted approach.
Dr Nokhutula Khuzwayo, an immigration expert said, “We need to address the root causes of migration, such as poverty and lack of opportunities in migrants’ home countries.
“We also need to ensure that our immigration policies are fair, humane, and effective.”
As the march concluded, participants were unable to submit the memorandum to the Gauteng Legislature speaker Ms Morakane Mosupyoe, as she sent a communication stating that she is on leave.
Government is expected to have a meeting with the march organisers on Tuesday May 07,2025.
FEATURED IMAGE: A picture of South African citizens marching to the Gauteng legislature to hand over the memorandum against illegal immigrants. Photo: Nomfundo Zungu
Paige Harvey, a Wits graduate on a mission to spark change, one crown at a time.
Harvey posing atop the Great Hall steps after her graduation. Photo: Supplied/Rendaldo Verde
Beyond the Miss Soweto crown, Paige Harvey’s quest is for purpose and impact
Beauty, brains and a desire to make a difference
The Miss Soweto winner has eyes set on the Miss SA 2025 crown
In a world where traditional paths are often expected, Paige Harvey stands out as someone who has seamlessly transitioned from the world of diplomacy to the glamour of beauty pageants.
As a Wits University international relations graduate, Miss Soweto 2023, and a contestant for Miss South Africa 2025, Harvey’s journey is more than just a career shift. It’s a testament to her passion, determination, and multifaceted talent.
Paige grew up in Eldorado Park, Soweto, where her love and passion for modelling started. “I have entered Miss SA 2025 to stand as a beacon of hope, pioneering positive change in the mindsets of the youth. As South Africa prepares to host a G20 summit, the world is turning its eyes to us, this is more than a political moment; it is time for us to showcase the strength, resilience, and brilliance of our people,” she said.
From a young age, Harvey was fascinated by how countries interact and how policy shapes lives. “Studying international relations at Wits gave me the academic ground to explore complex topics and sparked a deeper desire to be part of the solution,” said Harvey.
Pageantry became a platform where Harvey could merge beauty with purpose. “I realized that pageants could elevate voices and causes,” she explained.
Harvey doesn’t see her academic and pageant personas as separate entities. “Both require discipline, confidence, and authenticity,” she said. Her academic journey grounds her, while pageantry empowers her to express that foundation publicly.
Harvey has faced her fair share of challenges, from balancing self-doubt and public expectation to navigating scrutiny and criticism. But she’s learned to stay rooted in her purpose and protect her peace. “I remind myself that I’m not just doing this for applause, I’m doing it for impact,” she said.
Paige Harvey taking the Miss Soweto 2023 crown. Photo: Supplied
One of the most impactful moments for Harvey was when she spoke to a group of schoolgirls about self-worth and purpose during Miss Soweto 2023. “One of them later told me that hearing my story gave her courage to apply for university,” she recalls. “That moment reminded me why I do pageantry – it isn’t just about the crown, it’s about connection,” said Harvey.
Her advice to young women pursuing multiple passions is simple: “Don’t let society box you in. You are allowed to do many things – smart, stylish, strategic, soft. Own every facet of your identity and don’t be afraid to show up fully.”
As she looks to the future, Harvey Paige hopes to continue competing on international stages and using her platform to spotlight youth empowerment and African excellence. She envisions a career that merges diplomacy, media and humanitarianism.
FEATURED IMAGE: Paige Harvey’s Miss SA 2025 entry picture, Photo: Supplied/Rendaldo Yarde
The latest NRF funding has left many postgraduate students at Wits University facing financial hardship and deregistration due to funding shortfalls.
Postgraduate students who were expecting funding from the National Research Foundation (NRF) have been left in a lurch after the funder informed them there will be no funding this year.
The NRF which funds postgraduate students informed many students that despite meeting all the requirements, they could not be funded due to lack of funds.
The most affected are Honours students who only received communication on February 27, some having already enrolled and taken up expensive Wits residence. Students spoke about the hardships they now face.
“The NRF funding outcome has made me wonder about my academic future. The stress of financial uncertainty can be too much to handle and the fact that I have no support from home makes things worse,” said Zama Ncwane, a postgraduate student.
Another student, Mamazibuko Maseko lamented the high cost of accommodation. “The accommodation fees are exorbitant, and it’s difficult to afford on a limited budget,” she said. Academic life is now a struggle for many. “I struggle to concentrate in class due to constant fee statements showing I owe Wits, making me worry about potential deregistration,” said Mbalenhle Sauls.
Responding to the students’ grievances, the NRF designated authority at Wits, Mr. Ndhuvazi Kubayi, revealed that the funding process is more complex than many people realize.
“A total of 80% of funds are allocated to STEM (Science, technology, engineering and mathematics) students and just 20% to those in commerce, law, management (CLM) and humanities”, said Mr. Kubayi.
Applicants must achieve a minimum of 65% and submit all required documents. Humanities and CLM students face difficulties in securing alternative funding sources, while STEM students have more options available to them.
The NRF is expected to meet with the SRC and the Wits postgraduate committee to discuss possible solutions to the ongoing funding crisis.
Fee statement for a postgraduate who owe Wits due to not getting NRF funding. Photo :Nomfundo Zungu
FEATURED IMAGE: Fee statement for a postgraduate who owe Wits due to not getting NRF funding. Photo: Nomfundo Zungu
Since her announcement as the Democratic Alliance’s mayoral candidate for Johannesburg, Helen Zille has dominated national headlines. In this bonus episode of We Should Be Writing podcast, hosts Lulah Mapiye and Bonolo Mokonoto dissect a media meet-and-greet with the mayoral hopeful. From her extensive political résumé to her controversial public utterance, we examine why the Democratic Alliance has chosen Hellen Zille as their candidate for the 2027 local mayoral elections. Additionally, […]
