Thirty years since the dawn of democracy, inequality still lingers beneath Johannesburg’s surface, with township residents often marginalised from the city’s wealth. Despite systemic barriers, individuals in these communities are carving their own paths to a better life.
In Johannesburg, the city of gold, the promise of economic prosperity has long been out of reach for many people. Thirty years into democracy, inequality still lingers beneath the surface, with township residents often on the margins of the city’s wealth. But against these odds, people in the townships are making their own paths to a better life. This investigation delves into how, despite systemic barriers, township residents are creating economic opportunities and reshaping their communities from within.Under apartheid, Johannesburg’s wealth was reserved for a select few and the city’s Black population was subjected to harsh restrictions like the Native Labour Regulation Act of 1911. This law required Black workers to carry passbooks, limiting their movement and employment opportunities. As the city’s economy flourished, Black people were trapped in poverty, unable to share in the wealth that their labour helped to create.
Building a life from nothing
Beauty Mkhari, a street vendor in Orlando East. Photo: Lona Sokanyile
Olagh Thandi Shabangu (52) sits on her stoep in Daveyton, remembering her journey from Mozambique to South Africa in the late ’90s with mixed emotions. “I came to this country with nothing but the clothes on my back,” she recalls, her voice steady, yet laced with memories of struggle. “It wasn’t easy.”
Arriving in South Africa as apartheid was nearing its end, Shabangu faced overwhelming odds as a foreign national without formal documentation. “Getting a job was almost impossible,” she says. “I didn’t have papers, so no one would hire me in the city. The police would stop me, but I always managed to escape. It was hard to be both a woman and a foreigner in those days.”
Shabangu found work on a secluded farm, far from the prying eyes of law enforcement. “The farmer didn’t care where we came from, as long as we did the work. We worked in the meat department, making sure it didn’t spoil. That was my life for a while. We were away from the city, hidden from the police, but also far from any real opportunities.”
The arrival of democracy brought a chance for change. When Shabangu finally gained her South African citizenship, she describes it as “a breath of fresh air”. But her struggles to find sustainable employment continued. “I had no formal education and it was difficult to compete,” she says. “While many men went to work in the mines, township women had few opportunities.”
With her new documentation, Shabangu used her experience in the meat industry to secure a job at a store called Meat and More, which has since become OBC, in Daveyton. “I thought I had made it,” she laughs, shaking her head. “But even when I was promoted, the salary wasn’t enough. I was raising two kids as the breadwinner, and I realised I needed more.”
That’s when Olagh decided to take her future into her own hands. Drawing from her family’s entrepreneurial spirit, she became a street vendor, selling fruits and vegetables. “I grew up in a business-minded family,” she says. “So, I knew that was the path for me, and I need to think of ways to survive to raise my children.”
Her two children are now the pride of her life. “My son is a postgraduate and my daughter just started her first year of university this year. When I look at them, I see the change democracy has brought. Back then, Black people couldn’t even dream of becoming professionals like doctors or engineers, but now, we have broken those barriers.”
As Shabangu reflects on the years gone by, she recognises the progress, but remains grounded in the reality of the struggle. “There’s change, yes. But we must fight for our place in this world. I built my life with my own hand, and that’s something I’m proud of.”
From the apartheid years to the promise of democracy Shabangu has seen it all. Her story is a testament to the power of perseverance and the importance of taking control of one’s destiny. “We’ve come far,” she says, “but the journey is far from over.”
Street of Olando East in Soweto. Photo: Lona Sokanyile
The democratic promise: 30 years later
When democracy arrived in 1994, it brought with it a wave of optimism. The ANC, under Nelson Mandela’s leadership, promised to dismantle the economic and social injustices that had defined Johannesburg’s past. Job creation was one of the golden promises. Johannesburg’s role as an economic hub has remained central to the country’s development. The ANC’s manifesto was clear: building a dynamic and growing economy that would prioritise employment, housing and education.
Today, 30 years into democracy, Johannesburg still holds its place as South Africa’s financial capital. The city is home to high buildings that pierce the sky and bustling markets line the streets, but for many of its residents the dream of economic equality remains distant.The latest Quarterly Labour Force Survey from Statistics South Africa shows that unemployment in Gauteng, where Johannesburg is located, has risen to 39.2% in the second quarter of 2024, up from 38.9% earlier in the year.
Unemployment is particularly severe, with nearly half of the city’s labour force struggling to find work. This paints a grim picture, as Johannesburg’s reputation as an economic hub contrasts sharply with the lived reality of its residents. In the city’s sprawling townships and inner-city neighborhoods, job seekers are faced with limited opportunities. The unemployment rate represents more than just statistics: it tells the stories of skilled graduates unable to secure work and families left without a breadwinner. Despite the wealth that still flows through the city, many people feel that the promise of democracy has not been fully achieved.
Township entrepreneurs: Struggle and resilience
Growing up in Mabopane, north of Pretoria, Thabang Mothibe (26) experienced the challenges that many young people face today. Raised by parents determined to make ends meet, he witnessed the weight of economic strain from a young age. After completing his mechanical engineering studies at Tshwane South College, Mothibe was confronted by the harsh reality of South Africa’s job market. Like many Black graduates, he found himself without opportunities, staring down the same hardships that democracy had promised to overcome.
Yet, Mothibe’s story is one of resilience and reinvention. During his studies, he realised that there was more to life than chasing a paycheck. Acknowledging his disadvantaged background, he knew he would have to make his own way. In 2020, during the height of the covid-19 pandemic, Mothibe took his first steps into the world of entrepreneurship – an ambitious leap into the insurance industry. But the pandemic brought immense challenges, particularly for young entrepreneurs like him.
The pandemic forced Mothibe to go back to the drawing board. Undeterred by setbacks, he began another venture, selling meat to stokvels in Mamelodi and Orange Farm. “I knew I had to make sure my dreams as an entrepreneur didn’t die,” he said. However, the learning curve in this industry was exceptionally steep. He had to buy equipment to ensure that the meat was transported safely in refrigerated coolers. In addition, load-shedding exacerbated his challenges. “My customers started complaining about the smell of the meat,” Mothibe says, leading him to make the difficult decision to stop this hustle.
Mothibe’s experience mirrors the broader struggles of many young people in Johannesburg, where high unemployment and daily economic challenges persist. Despite his efforts and the resilience shown by many people like him, the dream of economic equality promised by democracy remains elusive. For many people, the high-rises and stock exchange of Johannesburg are symbols of an economy they are yet to fully participate in.
Thirty years later, the democratic promise feels like a distant memory. For entrepreneurs like Mothibe, it’s not only about navigating the pressures of running a business, but surviving in a system where opportunities are unevenly distributed. Yet, like many of his peers, Mothibe continues to hold onto hope. His journey may not have gone as planned, but his determination reflects the spirit of a generation that refuses to let the promise of democracy die. After several of his entrepreneurial ventures failed, Mothibe faced a critical moment, one in which many people might have lost hope. But instead of surrendering to defeat, he reached out to Aubrey Maphata, a seasoned business owner in the construction industry.
Maphata took Mothibe under his wing, offering mentorship and guidance. With time, Thabang not only found his footing in the construction sector but thrived. Today, he runs his own company, Gree and Meca, in Johannesburg, a testament to his resilience and unwavering determination to succeed. Mothibe’s voice carries the weight of both frustration and hope as he reflects on his journey as a young entrepreneur. “I wish the government could fund local businesses,” he says, his tone a mix of passion and weariness. “As young entrepreneurs, it’s difficult to get funding from commercial banks.” His words reveal a harsh truth that many people like him face – a dream that feels just out of reach, hindered by the lack of financial support.
Mothibe acknowledges that the government has made efforts to create policies aimed at job creation, but he believes there is more to be done. “They’ve tried to instill policies to support local businesses,” he says, “but it is not enough. There is more to be done than just hosting business workshops for young entrepreneurs. Workshops are not helping: businesses need funding.”
Meanwhile, Nyasha Simelane (26) is also a beacon of inspiration. Simelane, the founder and chief executive of the social app Safe Space, recalls the moments that shaped his path. “What has inspired me to start a business is my ability to lead,” he says, with determination in his eyes. “Being placed in positions where I can lead and seeing people respond positively – that’s what gave me the confidence to take the leap into entrepreneurship.” His words reflect a deep-seated belief in the power of influence and responsibility, particularly as a Black person navigating the complexities of a changing society.
“I have so many ideas I want to share with the world,” Simelane continues, a smile spreading across his face. “I thought, why not start a business? I really trust myself.” His enthusiasm is infectious, and you can sense the fire that drives him. Simelane’s journey hasn’t been without its challenges, but he embraces them wholeheartedly. “I love rejection. I love failure because I’ve always managed to bounce back,” he says, emphasising the resilience that has become a cornerstone of his entrepreneurial spirit.
Simelane’s vision for Safe Space is rooted in creating a platform through which individuals can connect, share and find support in a safe environment.
Creating jobs: who’s responsible?
To address the city’s unemployment crisis, the Gauteng provincial government has introduced programmes like Nasi Ispani, designed to help young, unemployed people find jobs. Although this initiative has offered hope, it remains limited in scope. Gauteng premier Panyaza Lesufi recently acknowledged these limitations, saying, “This is the nature of these programmes – they are not long term. And why they are not long term is because we do not have the financial muscle to absorb everyone.”
The debate over job creation in Johannesburg extends beyond government programmes. In a recent national assembly discussion, Dr Michael Cardo of the Democratic Alliance (DA) argued that the government cannot create jobs on a large scale. “The government itself cannot create jobs at scale – that’s the private sector’s role,” Cardo said. He emphasised that for the private sector to thrive and generate employment, the government needs to focus on providing a stable fiscal framework, improving infrastructure, ensuring safety and security, and enhancing the education system to produce a skilled workforce.
Johannesburg’s future, then, may depend not only on government intervention, but also on creating an environment in which the private sector can thrive. However, this also requires tackling systemic issues such as corruption, poor governance, and the inefficiency of public services – issues that have hindered the city’s potential for decades.
Despite its challenges, Johannesburg remains central to South Africa’s economy. The city still generates a significant portion of the country’s gross domestic product and its industries – from mining and finance to manufacturing and IT – continue to provide opportunities.
As Johannesburg moves forward, its success will depend on finding a balance between government policies, private-sector investment, and addressing the structural issues that continue to hold back its residents. The city’s future remains bright, but the journey toward fulfilling the promises of 1994 is far from complete.
Johannesburg’s future is delicately balanced. The city’s towering skyline symbolises potential, but for many people, the ground beneath their feet remains shaky. As the government grapples with unemployment and inequality, the private sector’s role becomes ever more critical. Yet, until systemic issues like corruption and poor governance are addressed, the dream of true economic equality remains just that.
FEATURED IMAGE: Woman coming from a stokvel meeting. Photo: Lona Sokanyile
The Western Cape High Court ruled in favor of eZaga Holdings, compelling the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) to continue using its services for distributing student allowances, following NSFAS’s decision to terminate contracts after allegations of corruption.
As the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) prepares to appeal a court ruling, students are reassured that their allowances will not be affected, despite a change in the service provider responsible for payments.
The Western Cape High Court ruled in favor of eZaga Holdings on July 15 compelling the NSFAS to continue using the company’s services for distributing student allowances.
This ruling came after NSFAS announced its intention to terminate contracts with four service providers—Coinvest, eZaga Holdings, Noracco Corporation, and Tenet Technology and to transfer the distribution of allowances directly to universities.
In response to NSFAS’s decision to terminate these contracts, eZaga Holdings applied for an interdict to prevent the cancellation of its five-year contract. The court ruled in favor of eZaga, ordering NSFAS to continue issuing payment instructions to the company for student allowances. NSFAS, however, has announced plans to appeal the court’s decision.
Speaking to Wits Vuvuzela, NSFAS spokesperson Ishmael Mnisi said,” this will not affect students at all because we are currently not using any of the payment partners to pay allowances to students, we are paying through universities, and TVET colleges students are getting their allowances directly”
Wits SRC Deputy President Simphiwe Mntungwa criticized the ruling, expressing opposition to eZaga’s continued role. Mntungwa stated, “I am strongly against the continued use of eZaga as a service provider for distributing NSFAS allowances. I, together with the Wits SRC, believe that this decision is a corruption stunt by the government that undermines transparency and efficiency in the distribution process. The court’s ruling, while binding, does not align with the best interests of the students.”
Mntungwa advocated for institutions to handle allowance distribution, highlighting the benefits of direct institutional oversight and accountability. He pointed out that the shift to institutional distribution has already proven to be more effective, reducing delays and issues linked to third-party providers.
The legal battle between NSFAS and service providers stem from an investigation by the Organisation Undoing Tax Abuse (OUTA) into corruption within the Department of Higher Education. OUTA’s findings, supported by voice recordings, allege that service providers paid substantial kickbacks to former Minister of Higher Education Blade Nzimande, NSFAS Chairperson Ernest Khosa and the South African Communist Party (SACP) to secure tenders and protection.
As NSFAS prepares to appeal the ruling, the immediate impact on students remains minimal, according to the scheme.
Declining readership, reduced advertising sales and competition from online news sources are some of the challenges facing traditional news sources.
According to Moneyweb editor, Ryk van Niekerk print journalism is “grappling with the digital revolution.” The rise of online news platforms has drastically reduced circulation figures and advertising revenue for traditional print media. The Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) South Africa reports that the Weekend Newspaper Sunday Times saw a 42.9% drop in circulation from October to December 2023 compared to the previous year.
The economic pressures are immense, and many newspapers have downsized or shut down entirely, unable to compete with the immediacy and accessibility of digital content and platforms. For example, Media24 announced in June that it would close the print versions of iconic newspapers like City Press, Rapport, Bleed and Daily Sun.
There was a time when the crackle of a freshly printed newspaper brought a sense of anticipation and connection to the world. Growing up, I remember my mother coming home from work with a newspaper daily. On Wednesdays, there was a section called “Nali Ibali,” which translates to “Here is a story.” Through reading these stories, I learned valuable lessons and grew an appetite for reading.
Newspapers were not just about news; they were a shared experience in our home, a trusted source of information to understand our complex society and world. Today, things have changed because people get news online, predominantly from social media. This shift has made news more immediate but also more fragmented, and newspapers have struggled with fewer readers and less money, which affects their ability to provide the same level of coverage as digital platforms
The decline of print journalism has serious implications. Quality journalism, particularly in-depth reporting and investigative pieces are at risk. These forms of journalism require time, resources, and expertise that struggling print outlets cannot afford. Without them, our democracy suffers as the watchdog role of the press is weakened.
Despite these challenges, there is hope. According to Yellowbrick embracing digital transformation is essential. Print publications must leverage digital platforms to expand their reach and engagement. This includes offering digital subscriptions, creating multimedia content, and maintaining a strong social media presence. By doing so, they can attract a new generation of readers.
Research by Francis Mlongwa highlights the importance of reconnecting with local communities. Print journalism should focus on local content that truly resonates with readers and reflects their realities.
The Association of Independent Publishers (AIP) reinforces this view by noting that when a community loses its newspaper, it loses more than just printed pages; it loses its voice, its connection to the local environment, its ability to celebrate local heroes, and its capacity to hold authorities accountable.
Francis further says exploring alternative revenue streams such as membership models, crowdfunding, and partnerships with businesses and community organizations can provide financial stability for print media. These models not only generate revenue but also foster a sense of community and shared purpose among readers.
As a student journalist, I believe there is a future for print journalism. It is not about clinging to the past but adapting to the present with innovation and integrity. By doing so, we can ensure that the power of the written word endures in a digital age.
In a display of skill and tenacity, Wits University’s Kudus swept the North-West University (NWU) Eagles in a friendly tennis match, dominating every game and showcasing their prowess on the court.
Under the golden sunlight of a perfect Saturday morning on July 27, the Wits Tennis Club hosted a friendly yet fiercely competitive match against the NWU Eagles from Mafikeng at the Wits Tennis courts, Bozzoli Pavilion.
Spectators filled the stands—students, parents, and community members alike- drawn by the promise of an exciting clash.
As the first serve soared through the air, it was clear this was going to be an intense match. Both teams displayed unwavering focus and sportsmanship.
With 18 matches played across four courts, the level of competition was undeniably high, Wits University quickly showcased their dominance, racking up an impressive 36 points to NWU’s 2.
Coaches and players engage in a discussion after a friendly tennis match. Photo: Lona Sokanyile
The matches provided a learning experience for players, “today was my first day playing against Wits, the game was very educational, I have learnt a lot” said NWU tennis player Otsile Modue
Kudus head coach Sylvester Zungu said his team’s victory is a testament of their relentless hard work and dedication. “It was not easy as we all know that they are students and they have to juggle around going to school and coming to practice,” he said.
Spectator, George Slambee, who watched every game, said, “today, tennis won we didn’t come here to see who would win or lose, this venture between Wits and NWU was an absolute success, and as parents, this is what we want to see”.
The players left the court with new experiences and lessons, the spectators with thrilling memories and both teams with a strengthened bond.
FEATURED IMAGE: Keletso Mmako, Wits tennis player leaps to return a shot during a match. Photo: Lona Sokanyile
International Academic Day is dedicated to recognizing and appreciating academia, but what does academic freedom mean in South Africa.
According to the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) academic freedom is a right that allows students and lecturers to research, teach and express their views without any fear or interference.
The Academy of Science states that in the South African constitution, under the freedom of speech clause, academic freedom is guaranteed. This right was reinforced by the 1997 formal document titled:White Paper 3: A Programme for the Transformation of Higher Education. This document highlights academic freedom as the pillar for transforming higher education after Apartheid.
The first International Academic Freedom Day, May 20 was announced by Academics for Academic Freedom (AFAF) in November 2023, with the goal of promoting and defending academic freedom globally through various activities, such as lectures, seminars, and debates.
For many academia might evoke images of complex theories and debates. For me, however, academic freedom is about the opportunity to pursue knowledge, and exploring the subjects that ignite my curiosity and passion. Whether delving into the depths of physics or literature, academic freedom should empower me to choose my career path and follow it.
This freedom is more than just a curriculum to me; it is about nurturing my talents and transforming them into skills. It is through the space of academics where my God given talents have been nurtured, and further strengthened. I’ve always known I had a talent for radio presenting but didn’t know how to pursue it. As a student journalist, I’ve realized I can leverage my innate talent as a skill in broadcast journalism. I’ve also developed other abilities like writing and digital content creation in this academic setting.
Additionally, I believe academic freedom is also about resilience and triumph. It is about overcoming the challenges that come with being a student, whether they are academic, financial, or personal challenges.
This freedom is about standing victorious and emerging stronger not just because I have completed a degree or passed an exam, but because I have grown intellectually and personally. Academic freedom for me is a constitutional right that has allowed me to explore, grow, and unlock my full potential.
FEATURED IMAGE: Lona Sokanyile. Photo. File/Leon Sadiki
Various students came together on campus to celebrate 30 years of democracy in South Africa through song with a chance to win R10,000.
On Wednesday, May 1, a diverse crowd of students filled the Amphitheatre at Wits University — under the open sky — as they were eager to witness performances of various struggle songs, performed at the Gwijo Competition hosted by the EFFSC.
Ernest Oppenheimer Halls group rendering an item. Photo: Lona Sokanyile
The purpose of the Gwijo Competition was to give young people an opportunity to express what 30 years of democracy means to them through songs; and to encourage youth political activism. The stakes were high, but it was the passion for expression that truly ignited the stage.
Amidst the cheers and applause, four groups stood poised to captivate the audience: Ernest Oppenheimer Halls (EOH), Knockando, Amani, and the Radius Club. Their voices rose in harmony, carrying melodies which echoed the struggles and triumphs of those who fought for freedom. From the anthems of the past to the cries of the present, each chant resonated with a profound sense of purpose.
As the contestants poured their hearts into each lyric, the audience became more than mere spectators —they became participants in a shared experience of unity and inclusivity. Harmonious voices mingled in a symphony of solidarity, transcending barriers of class and creed. It was not just the contestants who stole the show; it was the spontaneous moments of connection that truly stole the hearts of all people present.
The panelist of judges included Tebego Sako, a UFS alumni and currently a Wits law student, Koketso Poho a musician who is part of the Joburg jazz band iPhupho L’ka Biko, Wits SRC deputy secretary general Dineo Koetepe and Majola Majola a musician, song writer and UKZN economics student.
As an attendee, I was swept away by the energy and enthusiasm that permeated the amphitheatre. In the rhythmic pulse of the chants, I found a common thread bounding us all together—a reminder that in the face of adversity, our voices can empower.
The Radius club emerged victorious winning the competition. While only one group could claim victory, it was clear that the true triumph lay in the collective spirit of togetherness which filled the air that evening.
The winning res group Radius Club performing. Photo: Lona Sokanyile
The Gwijo Competition was not just a celebration of song; it was a celebration of the human spirit, a testament to the enduring legacy of unity and diversity.
FEATURED IMAGE: Wits Students at the Amphitheatre during the competition. Photo: Lona Sokanyile
Eager students attend a masterclass to begin learning and using South African sign language.
The South African Medical Student Association (SAMSA) has rolled up its sleeves to ensure that the Wits community is able to use the 12th official language of the country.
Samsa hosted its first sign language masterclass for 2024 in collaboration with the Wits Disability Rights Unit on Thursday, April 11, at the Wits Medical School. The classes were initially introduced last September during Deaf Awareness month.
Students participating in the sign language class. Photo: Salim Nkosi
The classes are conducted by Khetha Mbatha, a professional sign language practitioner, who interprets classes for deaf registered students at Wits from different faculties.
During the class, Mbatha unpacked how the deaf community forms their language and the basics of sign language, like signing introductions and emotional expressions.
She also went over some cultural norms of the deaf community, and highlighted the rules one should adhere to when communicating with a deaf person. For example, one should always maintain eye contact and avoid being distracted.
Speaking to Wits Vuvuzela Mbatha expressed her desire to see more people signing up for the classes. She said this will create an inclusive and accessible environment for the deaf community; so that they do not feel marginalized amongst the larger hearing community.
“If we can have teachers in deaf schools signing fluently, then that means the education of our deaf children will be improved” said Mbatha.
Marianne Ham, Samsa’s event coordinator said, “as a society, we are trying to bring people together who are interested in different things and create awareness”.
Samsa intends to host three more sign language introductory classes during the year at Wits Medical School in order to continue creating opportunities to expand one’s knowledge and embrace diversity.
FEATERED IMAGE: Khetha Mbatha conducting the sign language class. Photo: Salim Nkosi
Societal expectations and experiences can often place pressure on people’s relationships. With Valentine’s Day coming up we have asked individuals questions about their views on certain relationship dynamics especially when it comes to the most anticipated day of the year for some lovers, Valentines Day. Viewers shared their beliefs and Siyanda and Katlego talk about […]
